Arizona Educator Proficiency Assessments (AEPA) 2026 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

During the Initiative vs. Guilt stage, which occurs in early childhood according to Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, children begin to assert their power and control over their environment through directing play and other social interactions. A common outcome for a child who perceives regular failures or negative feedback during this crucial stage is the development of a sense of disapproval. If children repeatedly feel that their initiatives or attempts are met with guilt-inducing responses, they may internalize these feelings, leading to a reduced willingness to take initiative in the future. This can manifest as anxiety about trying new things or fear of making choices, ultimately impacting their self-esteem and ability to confidently engage with their surroundings. In contrast, the other options like increased creativity, strong leadership skills, and enhanced social interactions are typically outcomes associated with positive reinforcement and support during this developmental period, not negative experiences.